&HTML Entities - Encode or decode strings with HTML entities

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HTML Entities. HTML character entity references

Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with character entities.


Some characters are reserved in HTML. It is not possible to use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, because the browser will mix them with tags.


The advantage of using an entity name, instead of a number, is that the name is easier to remember. However, the disadvantage is that browsers may not support all entity names (the support for entity numbers is very good).


Entities for characters with special meaning in HTML and XHTML

&apos;
'
&#145;#39;
apostrophe
&lsquo;
‘
&#8216;
single quotes
&rsquo;
’
&#8217;
single quotes
&ldquo;
“
&#8220;
double quotes
&rdquo;
”
&#8221;
double quotes
&quot;
"
&#34;
quotes
&amp;
&
&#38;
ampersand
&gt;
>
&#62;
greater-than sign
&lt;
<
&#60;
less-than sign
&quot;
"
&#34;
quotation mark = APL quote

Entities for accented characters, accents, and other diacritics from Western European Languages

&acute;
´
&#180;
acute accent = spacing acute
&cedil;
¸
&#184;
cedilla = spacing cedilla
&circ;
ˆ
&#710;
modifier letter circumflex accent
&macr;
¯
&#175;
macron = spacing macron = overline
&middot;
·
&#183;
middle dot = Georgian comma
&tilde;
˜
&#732;
small tilde
&uml;
¨
&#168;
diaeresis = spacing diaeresis

Entities for punctuation characters

&cent;
¢
&#162;
cent sign
&curren;
¤
&#164;
currency sign
&euro;
€
&#8364;
euro sign
&pound;
£
&#163;
pound sign
&yen;
¥
&#165;
yen sign = yuan sign
&brvbar;
¦
&#166;
broken bar = broken vertical bar
&bull;
•
&#8226;
bullet = black small circle
&copy;
©
&#169;
copyright sign
&dagger;
†
&#8224;
copyright sign
&Dagger;
‡
&#8225;
double dagger
&frasl;
⁄
&#8260;
fraction slash
&hellip;
…
&#8230;
horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader
&iexcl;
¡
&#161;
inverted exclamation mark
&image;
ℑ
&#8465;
blackletter capital I = imaginary part
&iquest;
¿
&#191;
inverted question mark
&mdash;
—
&#8212;
em dash
&ndash;
–
&#8211;
en dash
&not;
¬
&#172;
not sign
&oline;
‾
&#8254;
overline = spacing overscore
&ordf;
ª
&#170;
feminine ordinal indicator
&ordm;
º
&#186;
masculine ordinal indicator
&para;
&#182;
pilcrow sign = paragraph sign
&permil;
‰
&#8240;
per mille sign
&prime;
′
&#8242;
prime = minutes = feet
&Prime;
″
&#8243;
double prime = seconds = inches
&real;
ℜ
&#8476;
blackletter capital R = real part symbol
&reg;
®
&#174;
registered sign = registered trade mark sign
&sect;
§
&#167;
section sign
&sup1;
¹
&#185;
superscript one = superscript digit one
&trade;
™
&#8482;
trade mark sign
&weierp;
℘
&#8472;
script capital P = power set

Entities for mathematical and technical characters (including Greek)

&deg;
°
&#176;
degree sign
&divide;
÷
&#247;
division sign
&frac12;
½
&#189;
vulgar fraction one half
&frac14;
¼
&#188;
vulgar fraction one quarter
&frac34;
¾
&#190;
vulgar fraction three quarters
&ge;
≥
&#8805;
greater-than or equal to
&le;
≤
&#8804;
less-than or equal to
&minus;
−
&#8722;
minus sign
&sup2;
²
&#178;
superscript two
&sup3;
³
&#179;
superscript three
&times;
×
&#215;
multiplication sign

Entities for shapes and arrows

&crarr;
↵
&#8629;
carriage return
&darr;
↓
&#8595;
downwards arrow
&dArr;
⇓
&#8659;
downwards double arrow
&harr;
↔
&#8596;
left right arrow
&hArr;
⇔
&#8660;
left right double arrow
&larr;
←
&#8592;
leftwards arrow
&lArr;
⇐
&#8656;
leftwards double arrow
&rarr;
→
&#8594;
rightwards arrow
&rArr;
⇒
&#8658;
rightwards double arrow
&uarr;
↑
&#8593;
upwards arrow
&uArr;
⇑
&#8657;
upwards double arrow
U+2142
⅂
&#8514;
turned sans-serif capital L

Other Useful Tools

HTML Entities Example — Substitute the "X" with an entity number like "#174" or an entity name like "pound" to see the result.

htmlentities function in PHP — This function is identical to htmlspecialchars() in all ways, except with htmlentities(), all characters which have HTML character entity equivalents are translated into these entities.

Common HTML entities used for typography — Unicode entity references should be reserved for use in documents certain to be written in the UTF-8 or UTF-16 character sets. In all other cases, the alphanumeric references should be used.


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